As Alan said, you can use multiple density objects and the resulting mesh would be the smallest of the two. You can create two density objects, one based on the slope and one based on the depth. If you make sure the depth-based density object is everywhere larger than the slope-based object, except for the continental shelf transition, then you're done.
- First create the depth-based density object that produces the desired element size irrespective of slope.
- Then create the slope-based density object that is finer than the first only where the slope is great.
Work with the above and we then we can provide more advice on your formulation.